A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to optimize the cutoff point for discriminating between the 2 risk groups. The patient’s delirium tremens was treated with benzodiazepines, and her congestive heart failure was treated with diuretics and an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The pancytopenia and elevated liver enzyme levels resolved within a few days of hospital admission, with abstinence from alcohol. A dipyridamole stress test performed seven days after admission revealed no myocardial ischemia. The patient’s ejection fraction was calculated at 58%, and she was discharged on a diuretic, an ACE inhibitor and a beta-blocker.

Alcoholic consumption and heart failure

• The diagnosis of alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy in our patient relied on the absence of known causes of dilated cardiomyopathy, the identification of excessive alcohol consumption and the improvement of cardiac function after the abstention from alcohol ingestion.
• Most common age population for ACM is males from age with significant history of alcohol use for more than 10 years.
• Some other forms of cardiomyopathy, such as cardiac amyloidosis (when deposits of an abnormal protein form in the heart muscle) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (thickening of the heart muscle), have more specific treatments.
• Specifically, among alcoholics they found a prevalence of DCM of 0.43% in women and 0.25% in men, whereas the described prevalence of DCM in the general population is 0.03% to 0.05%18,19.
• With some causes, such as genetic mutations, cardiomyopathy may be inevitable.

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• Within the NAME region, data sources may be limited, and inconsistencies in data collection methods and variations in data quality among countries can impact the precision of the estimates.
• Commonly seen cellular structural alterations include changes in the mitochondrial reticulum, cluster formation of mitochondria and disappearance of inter-mitochondrial junctions.
• Guillo et al17 in 1997 described the evolution of 9 ACM patients who had been admitted.
• Alcohol affects the heart by increasing heart rate and blood pressure, which can strain the cardiovascular system.
• Conversely, countries like Kuwait and Qatar displayed lower values across these metrics, suggesting a lower burden of CVD.

What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy?

Similarly, high temperatures are increasingly recognized as important environmental risk factors for CVD. Countries like UAE, Qatar, Oman and Iraq had among the highest CVD burden from temperature 41. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) dominated the burden in almost all countries, consistently ranked as the first or second most significant cardiovascular condition, in line with previous global and regional studies 1, 15, 33.

AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL REQUIRED TO PRODUCE ACM

With some causes, such as genetic mutations, cardiomyopathy may be inevitable. In cardiomyopathy, what is alcoholism the heart’s abnormal muscle can lead to an abnormal generation or propagation of electrical impulses. This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article. Normally distributed variables are expressed as the means and standard deviations or percentages, whereas non-normally distributed variables are presented as the medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs).

Acknowledgements

In spite of the high prevalence of excessive alcohol consumption and of its consideration as one of the main causes of DCM, only a small number of studies have analysed the long-term natural history of ACM. Unfortunately, all the available reports were completed at a time when a majority of the current heart failure therapies were not available (Table 1). For many decades, ACM has been considered one of the main causes of left ventricular dysfunction in developed countries.

• In spite of the high prevalence of excessive alcohol consumption and of its consideration as one of the main causes of DCM, only a small number of studies have analysed the long-term natural history of ACM.
• It can also lead to dehydration and raised blood pressure, which contributes to an elevated heart rate.
• Furthermore, in many of these reports, comorbid conditions, especially myocarditis and other addictions such as cocaine and nicotine, were not reported.
• In contrast, beta-blockers, similar to aldosterone inhibitors, however beneficial they may be, have thus far not yielded sufficient data on their efficacy in relation to this disease.

Each sequela prevalence is multiplied by a disability weight (DW) to estimate YLDs. The confidence intervals reported around YLDs incorporate uncertainty in prevalence and in the DW 16. ASR is a measure that adjusts population rates to a standard age distribution, ensuring accurate comparisons across populations with different age structures 21. what is alcoholic cardiomyopathy Additionally, echocardiographic data suggest that subjects who do not fully withdraw from alcohol consumption, but who reduce it to moderate amounts recover LVEF in a similar manner to strict non-drinkers. Thus, Nicolás et al73 studied the evolution of the ejection fraction in 55 patients with ACM according to their degree of withdrawal.

They commonly include fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling of the legs and feet. In this study, we used the ASRs of incidence, prevalence, deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs to report the burden of CVD for NAME and its countries from 1990 to 2021. After a person with AUD completes a rehab program, they may need aftercare support. Many treatment programs offer ongoing support groups that continue to meet and provide peer support or recommend attending community support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).

Another nutritional factor classically involved in the pathophysiology of AC was cobalt excess. The ‘Quebec beer drinkers’ cardiomyopathy’ was related to cobalt supplementation to beer that was made in the past. It was described as a form of DCM with severe pericardial effusion, low cardiac output, and purplish skin coloration. To our knowledge, our study determined prognostic factors for ACM outcome in the largest cohort of ACM patients described to date. Our data show that the variables most closely predicting a poor outcome in ACM are QRS duration, SBP and NYHA classification at admission. Anyone with concerns about alcohol consumption or heart health needs to consult a doctor for further advice and guidance.

Socio-economic factors play a significant role in the burden of CVD across the NAME region. Countries with higher socio-economic status, such as Kuwait https://ecosoberhouse.com/ and Qatar, display lower values for deaths, YLL, and DALYs, indicating better control or lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, countries like Iraq exhibit higher values for these metrics, reflecting the adverse effects of socio-economic instability on health outcomes. Furthermore, an issue requiring urgent attention is that while the age-standardized DALYs rate due to CVD decreased steadily across all NAME countries, Libya is the exception, experiencing an increase in DALYs rate. Additionally, environmental factors such as ambient particulate matter pollution significantly impact several countries like Egypt and Bahrain, where it is a major concern. Furthermore, previous studies have highlighted the need for comprehensive and urgent public health strategies to reduce these environmental risks in Middle East 38,39,40.